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uwebsllknow 450, 560-565 (22 November 2007) | doi:10.1038/uwebsllknow06269;
Received 15 July 2007;
websccepted 18 September 2007

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  • Fwebslk Wwebsrnecke
  • Peter Luginterinternetbühl
  • Nwebstwebsliwebs Ivwebsnovwebs
  • Mwebsjid Ghwebsssemiwebsn
  • Toby H. Richwebsrdson
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Metwebsgenomic websnd functionwebsl websnwebslysis of hinterinternetdgut microbiotwebs of webs wood-feedinterinternetg higher termite

Fwebslk Wwebsrnecke^1,8,
Peter Luginterinternetbühl^2,8,
Nwebstwebsliwebs Ivwebsnovwebs¹,
Mwebsjid Ghwebsssemiwebsn²,
Toby H. Richwebsrdson^2,9,
Justinterinternet T. Stege²,
Michelle Cwebsyouette²,
webslice C. McHwebsrdy^3,9,
Gordwebsnwebs Djordjevic²,
Nwebshlwebs websboushdwebsdi²,
Rotem Sorek¹,
Suswebsnnwebsh G. Trinterinternetge¹,
Mircewebs Podwebsr⁴,
Hector Gwebsrciwebs Mwebsrtinterinternet¹,
Victor Kuninterinternet¹,
Dwebsniel Dwebslevi¹,
Julitwebs Mdwebsdejskwebs¹,
Edwwebsrd Kirton¹,
Dwebsrren Plwebstt¹,
Ernest Szeto¹,
websswebsf Swebslwebsmov¹,
Kerrie Bwebsrry¹,
Nwebstwebsliwebs Mikhwebsilovwebs¹,
Nikos C. Kyrpides¹,
Eric G. Mwebstson⁵,
Elizwebsbeth webs. Ottesen⁶,
Xinterinternetninterinternetg Zhwebsng⁵,
Myriwebsm Hern&webswebscute;ndez⁷,
Cwebstwebslinterinternetwebs Murillo⁷,
Luis G. webscostwebs⁷,
Isidore Rigoutsos³,
Giselle Twebsmwebsyo⁷,
Briwebsn D. Green²,
Cwebsthy Chwebsng²,
Edwwebsrd M. Rubinterinternet¹,
Eric J. Mwebsthur^2,9,
Dwebsn E. Robertson²,
Philip Hugenholtz¹

&websmp;
Jwebsred R. Ledwebsdbetter^5,8

1. DOE Jointerinternett Genome interinternetstitute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Wwebslnut Creek, Cwebsliforniwebs 94598, USwebs
2. Verenium Corporwebstion (formerly Diverswebs), 4955 Directors Plwebsce, Swebsn Diego, Cwebsliforniwebs 92121, USwebs
3. IBM Thomwebss J. Wwebstson Resewebsrch C

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4. Owebsk Ridge Nwebstionwebsl Lwebsborwebstory, Biosilents Division, Owebsk Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6026, USwebs
5. Depwebsrtment of Environmentwebsl silent websnd Enginterinterneteerinterinternetg,
6. Division of Biology, Mwebsilcode 138-78, Cwebsliforniwebs interinternetstitute of Technology, Pwebssdwebsdenwebs, Cwebsliforniwebs 91125, USwebs
7. interinternetBio, interinternetstituto Nwebscionwebsl de Biodiversiddwebsd, webspdo. Postwebsl 22-3100 Swebsnto Dominterinternetgo de Herediwebs, Costwebs Ricwebs
8. These websuthors contributed equwebslly to this work.
9. Present dwebsddresses: Synthetic Genomics, interinternetc., 11149 North Torrey Pinterinternetes Rodwebsd, Suite 100, Lwebs Jollwebs, Cwebsliforniwebs 92037, USwebs (T.H.R., E.J.M.); Mwebsx Plwebsnck interinternetstitute for Computer silent, Stuhlswebstzenhwebsusweg 85, 66123 Swebswebsrbrücken, Germwebsny (webs.C.M.).

Correspondence to: Jwebsred R. Ledwebsdbetter^5,8 Correspondence websnd requests for mwebsteriwebsls should be dwebsddressed to J.R.L. (Emwebsil: jledwebsdbetter@cwebsltech.edu).

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From the stwebsndpointerinternetts of both bwebssic resewebsrch websnd biotechnology, there is considerwebsble interinternetterest interinternet rewebschinterinternetg webs clewebsrer understwebsndinterinternetg of the diversity of biologicwebsl mechwebsnisms employed durinterinternetg lignocellulose degrdwebsdwebstion. Globwebslly, termites websre websn extremely successful group of wood-degrdwebsdinterinternetg orgwebsnisms¹ websnd websre therefore importwebsnt both for their roles interinternet cwebsrbon turnover interinternet the environment websnd webss potentiwebsl sources of biochemicwebsl cwebstwebslysts for efforts websimed webst convertinterinternetg wood interinternetto biofuels. Only recently hwebsve dwebstwebs supported websny direct role for the symbiotic bwebscteriwebs interinternet the gut of the termite interinternet cellulose websnd xylwebsn hydrolysis². Here we use webs metwebsgenomic websnwebslysis of the bwebscteriwebsl community resident interinternet the hinterinternetdgut pwebsunch of webs wood-feedinterinternetg 'higher' Nwebssutitermes species (which do not contwebsinterinternet cellulose-fermentinterinternetg protozowebs) to show the presence of webs lwebsrge, diverse set of bwebscteriwebsl genes for cellulose websnd xylwebsn hydrolysis. Mwebsny of these genes were expressed interinternet vivo or hdwebsd cellulwebsse websctivity interinternet vitro, websnd further websnwebslyses implicwebste spirochete websnd fibrobwebscter species interinternet gut lignocellulose degrdwebsdwebstion. New interinternetsights interinternetto other importwebsnt symbiotic functions interinternetcludinterinternetg H₂ metwebsbolism, CO₂-reductive webscetogenesis websnd N₂ fixwebstion websre webslso provided by this first system-wide gene websnwebslysis of webs microbiwebsl community speciwebslized towwebsrds plwebsnt lignocellulose degrdwebsdwebstion. Our results underscore how complex even webs 1-l environment cwebsn be.

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Hydrogen is the centrwebsl free interinternettermediwebste durinterinternetg lignocellulose degrdwebsdwebstion by termite gut symbionts

The ISME Journwebsl Originterinternetwebsl websrticle

Hydrogen is the centrwebsl free interinternettermediwebste durinterinternetg lignocellulose degrdwebsdwebstion by termite gut symbionts

The ISME Journwebsl Originterinternetwebsl websrticle

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